Development History of Printing Press
Time：
2021-09-15
The invention and development of the printing press plays an important role in the spread of human civilization and culture. In 1439, Gutenberg, Germany, manufactured a wooden relief printing machine. Although the vertical spiral type trigger printing machine has a simple structure, it has been used for 300 years; In 1812, Konich of Germany made the first round flat relief printing machine; In 1847, Hoy of the United States invented the rotary printing press; In 1900, it was made into a six color rotary printing press; In 1904, American Rupert invented offset printing press.
The invention and development of the printing press plays an important role in the spread of human civilization and culture.
In 1439, Gutenberg, Germany, manufactured a wooden relief printing machine. Although the vertical spiral type trigger printing machine has a simple structure, it has been used for 300 years; In 1812, Konich of Germany made the first round flat relief printing machine; In 1847, Hoy of the United States invented the rotary printing press; In 1900, it was made into a six color rotary printing press; In 1904, American Rupert invented offset printing press.
Before the 1950s, the traditional letterpress printing process occupied a dominant position in the printing industry, and the development of the printing machine was also dominated by the letterpress printing machine. However, the lead alloy letterpress printing process has the disadvantages of high labor intensity, long production cycle and environmental pollution. Since the 1960s, the offset printing process with short cycle and high productivity began to rise and develop, and lead alloy relief printing was gradually replaced by offset printing. Soft relief printing, hole printing, electrostatic printing, ink-jet printing, etc. have also been developed in packaging printing and advertising printing.
Printing machinery in the world has made great progress since the 1980s. Over the past 20 years, the development of printing machinery has gone through three stages:
The first stage is from the early 1980s to the early 1990s, which is the heyday of offset printing technology development The maximum printing speed of the sheet fed offset press in this period was 10000 prints/hour. The pre adjustment preparation time of a four-color printing machine before printing is generally about 2 hours. The automatic control of printing machine mainly focuses on automatic paper binding, automatic paper receiving, automatic cleaning, automatic detection of ink color, automatic adjustment of ink amount, registration and remote control, etc. In this period, in addition to monochrome and two-color printing machines, almost every sheet fed offset press manufacturer also had the manufacturing capacity of four-color printing machines. Most manufacturers were able to manufacture paper flip mechanisms for double-sided printing.
The second stage is from the early 1990s to the end of the 20th century. In the 1990s, with the sheet fed offset press as the symbol, the international level of printing machinery design and manufacturing has made a big step forward. Compared with the first stage model, the speed of the new generation model is further improved, from 10000 to 15000 prints/hour, and the pre adjustment time before printing is also greatly reduced from about 2 hours in the first stage to about 15 minutes. The automation level and production efficiency of the machine have also been greatly improved.
Since entering the 21st century, printing machinery has ushered in the third stage of development. Some models of the sheet fed offset press can reach 17000-18000 prints/hour, but the manufacturers do not strive to improve the maximum printing speed of the press, but through the application of information technology, further shorten the pre press preparation time and the time for replacing live parts to pursue higher production efficiency.
In terms of printing machinery automation, networking, production integration, digital workflow, and the link with management information system (MIS) have become the focus of development. The CP2000 automatic control system of Heidelberg Company not only presets, regulates and diagnoses every working link of the whole machine from paper feeding, paper feeding and guiding, ink feeding, water feeding, version change, registration, cleaning, drying, polishing and coating, powder spraying and paper receiving, but also has the functions of networking all production processes of printing and brushing enterprises, online transmission of prepress image processing data (CIP3/PPF or CIP4/JDF data), etc. In the new century, most offset press manufacturers have developed corresponding DI digital printing machines.
In addition, in order to meet the demand of people for high-end color printing products, the two-sided printing of 8-color group and even 10 color group multi-color group and the additional online post printing function have become the development trend of all kinds of sheet fed offset printing machines (including small offset printing machines, DI direct plate making machines and large offset printing machines), and the technology has become increasingly mature. This type of printing machine has begun to occupy a part of the market originally belonging to web paper printing machines.
In 1439, Gutenberg, Germany, manufactured a wooden relief printing machine. Although the vertical spiral type trigger printing machine has a simple structure, it has been used for 300 years; In 1812, Konich of Germany made the first round flat relief printing machine; In 1847, Hoy of the United States invented the rotary printing press; In 1900, it was made into a six color rotary printing press; In 1904, American Rupert invented offset printing press.
Before the 1950s, the traditional letterpress printing process occupied a dominant position in the printing industry, and the development of the printing machine was also dominated by the letterpress printing machine. However, the lead alloy letterpress printing process has the disadvantages of high labor intensity, long production cycle and environmental pollution. Since the 1960s, the offset printing process with short cycle and high productivity began to rise and develop, and lead alloy relief printing was gradually replaced by offset printing. Soft relief printing, hole printing, electrostatic printing, ink-jet printing, etc. have also been developed in packaging printing and advertising printing.
Printing machinery in the world has made great progress since the 1980s. Over the past 20 years, the development of printing machinery has gone through three stages:
The first stage is from the early 1980s to the early 1990s, which is the heyday of offset printing technology development The maximum printing speed of the sheet fed offset press in this period was 10000 prints/hour. The pre adjustment preparation time of a four-color printing machine before printing is generally about 2 hours. The automatic control of printing machine mainly focuses on automatic paper binding, automatic paper receiving, automatic cleaning, automatic detection of ink color, automatic adjustment of ink amount, registration and remote control, etc. In this period, in addition to monochrome and two-color printing machines, almost every sheet fed offset press manufacturer also had the manufacturing capacity of four-color printing machines. Most manufacturers were able to manufacture paper flip mechanisms for double-sided printing.
The second stage is from the early 1990s to the end of the 20th century. In the 1990s, with the sheet fed offset press as the symbol, the international level of printing machinery design and manufacturing has made a big step forward. Compared with the first stage model, the speed of the new generation model is further improved, from 10000 to 15000 prints/hour, and the pre adjustment time before printing is also greatly reduced from about 2 hours in the first stage to about 15 minutes. The automation level and production efficiency of the machine have also been greatly improved.
Since entering the 21st century, printing machinery has ushered in the third stage of development. Some models of the sheet fed offset press can reach 17000-18000 prints/hour, but the manufacturers do not strive to improve the maximum printing speed of the press, but through the application of information technology, further shorten the pre press preparation time and the time for replacing live parts to pursue higher production efficiency.
In terms of printing machinery automation, networking, production integration, digital workflow, and the link with management information system (MIS) have become the focus of development. The CP2000 automatic control system of Heidelberg Company not only presets, regulates and diagnoses every working link of the whole machine from paper feeding, paper feeding and guiding, ink feeding, water feeding, version change, registration, cleaning, drying, polishing and coating, powder spraying and paper receiving, but also has the functions of networking all production processes of printing and brushing enterprises, online transmission of prepress image processing data (CIP3/PPF or CIP4/JDF data), etc. In the new century, most offset press manufacturers have developed corresponding DI digital printing machines.
In addition, in order to meet the demand of people for high-end color printing products, the two-sided printing of 8-color group and even 10 color group multi-color group and the additional online post printing function have become the development trend of all kinds of sheet fed offset printing machines (including small offset printing machines, DI direct plate making machines and large offset printing machines), and the technology has become increasingly mature. This type of printing machine has begun to occupy a part of the market originally belonging to web paper printing machines.
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